Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 29 Aug 2012

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 22:47 on Tue 28 Aug to 21:19 on Wed 29 Aug, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (18:46–21:03) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Dwadashi ended at 22:47 Tue, before it. Trayodashi ends at 21:19, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 28 Aug ran from sunset 18:47 Tue to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:13 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 280°. It leaves at 05:32 Thu, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 132.1° + 280° = 412.1°, one full turn and 52.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 08:15, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 10:01, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 21:19.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:13 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 21:24 Fri to 16 Sep 07:40 Sun the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 17:54 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 153.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.