Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 30 Aug 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Trayodashi ended at 21:19 Wed, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 20:11, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 29 Aug ran from sunset 18:46 Wed to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:45 to 06:13 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 293°20′. It leaves at 05:16 Fri, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 133° + 293.7° = 426.7°, one full turn and 66.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 04:14 Fri, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 08:42, when the lead reaches 162°; Vanija until 20:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:13 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 21:24 Fri to 16 Sep 07:40 Sun the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 17:54 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 154.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.