Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 12 Aug 1909

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 18:05 on Thu 12 Aug to 18:36 on Fri 13 Aug, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Thu 12 Aug. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:33 here. Ekadashi ended at 18:04 Wed, before it. Dwadashi ends at 18:11, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 11 Aug ran from sunset 18:01 Wed to sunrise 06:33, 12 h 33 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:33 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:33 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 73°20′. It leaves at 16:32, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 116.4° + 74.7° = 191.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 22:06, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 06:04, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 18:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:33 to 06:33 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 07:44 Sat to 15 Aug 20:54 Sun the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 15 Aug 00:05 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 1909, 17:11 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 138.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.