Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 13 Aug 1909

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 18:36 on Fri 13 Aug to 19:31 on Sat 14 Aug, so only Friday night’s nishitha (23:45–00:35 Sat) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:33 here. Dwadashi ended at 18:11 Thu, before it. Trayodashi ends at 18:43, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 12 Aug ran from sunset 18:01 Thu to sunrise 06:33, 12 h 31 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:33 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:32 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 86°40′. It leaves at 17:42, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 117.4° + 87.4° = 204.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 21:33, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 06:24, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 18:43.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:33 to 06:32 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 07:44 Sat to 15 Aug 20:54 Sun the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 15 Aug 00:05 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 1909, 17:11 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 139.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1966; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1831.