Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 21 Jul 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Dwitiya ended at 04:31 Thu, before it. Tritiya ends at 06:58, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 04:31 Thu, before sunrise at 06:01 Thu, and ends at 06:58, after the next sunrise at 06:01. Both days read Tritiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Thu 20 Jul ran from sunset 19:09 Thu to sunrise 06:01, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 19:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:09 to 06:02 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 126°40′. It leaves at 13:57, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 93.9° + 129.4° = 223.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 12:23, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 17:44 Thu, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 06:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:02 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Jul 00:01 Tue to 16 Aug 15:08 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 13:32 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 22:53 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 117.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.