Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 15 Oct 2001

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 07:22 on Mon 15 Oct to 04:02 on Tue 16 Oct, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:50–00:39 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:23 here. Dwadashi ended at 10:41 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 07:22, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 07:22 and ended at 04:02 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:23 and 06:23 Tue. Monday reads Trayodashi and Tuesday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 14 Oct ran from sunset 18:07 Sun to sunrise 06:23, 12 h 16 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:23 to 18:06, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:06 to 06:23 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 150°. It leaves at 17:10, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 177.9° + 153.3° = 331.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 09:40, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 21:02 Sun, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 07:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:23 to 06:23 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 15:57 Mon to 17 Oct 00:53 Wed the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 10:07 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 2001, 06:51 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 197.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2058; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1923.