Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 18 Aug 1997

The rakhi is tied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day, outside bhadra. Purnima runs from 19:59 on Sun 17 Aug to 16:25 on Mon 18 Aug, so only Monday’s aparahna (13:49–16:22) falls within it. Every reading takes that day.

Raksha Bandhan: every date in Pāthardi

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima runs from 19:59 on Sun 17 Aug to 16:25 on Mon 18 Aug, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 18 Aug, at 06:10. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 168°–180° is the 15th, Shukla Purnima. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Chaturdashi ended at 19:59 Sun, before it. Purnima ends at 16:25, when the lead reaches 180°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 17 Aug ran from sunset 18:55 Sun to sunrise 06:10, 11 h 15 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:55, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:55 to 06:11 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 293°20′. It leaves at 00:17 Tue, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 121.3° + 295.3° = 416.6°, one full turn and 56.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 21:16, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Purnima is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti runs until 06:13, when the lead reaches 174°; Bava until 16:25.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:11 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1997, 16:31 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 127.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2054; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1919.