Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 12 Aug 1920

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 15:43 on Thu 12 Aug to 12:23 on Fri 13 Aug, so only Thursday night’s nishitha (00:11 Fri–00:56 Fri) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:08 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:03 Wed, before it. Trayodashi ends at 15:43, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 11 Aug ran from sunset 18:59 Wed to sunrise 06:08, 11 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:08 to 18:59, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:59 to 06:09 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 86°40′. It leaves at 16:53, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 116.2° + 86.7° = 202.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 21:55, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 05:24, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 15:43.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:08 to 06:09 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jul 01:54 Fri to 14 Aug 09:13 Sat the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 04:12 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1920, 16:25 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 139.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1977; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1842.