Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 19 Apr 2010

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:22 here. Chaturthi ended at 08:26 Sun, before it. Panchami ends at 07:20, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 07:20 and ended at 05:57 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:22 and 06:23 Tue. Monday reads Panchami and Tuesday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 18 Apr ran from sunset 18:01 Sun to sunrise 06:22, 12 h 21 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:22 to 18:00, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:00 to 06:23 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 63°20′. It leaves at 09:49, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 5.2° + 64.7° = 69.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 22:52, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 19:56 Sun, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 07:20.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:22 to 06:23 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 Apr 09:28 Wed to 13 May 22:04 Thu the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 14 May 19:16 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 2010, 18:01 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 34° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2067; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1932.