Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 13 Oct 2001

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 03:11 on Sat 13 Oct to 23:52 on Sat 13 Oct, so only Saturday’s pradosha (19:13 Sun–21:31 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 23:52 on Sat 13 Oct to 20:32 on Mon 15 Oct, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (00:35 Mon–01:21 Mon) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:45 here. Ekadashi ended at 05:20, before it. Dwadashi ends at 03:11 Sun, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:20, came before Ekadashi ended at 13:50: this day reads Ekadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:45, came after Ekadashi ended at 05:20: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Fri 12 Oct ran from sunset 18:12 Fri to sunrise 05:45, 11 h 33 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:45 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 06:44 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 126°40′. It leaves at 13:42, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 176.2° + 128.4° = 304.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 08:50, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 15:47, when the lead reaches 318°; Taitila until 03:11 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:45 to 06:44 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 07:27 Mon to 16 Oct 17:23 Tue the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 02:37 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2001, 22:21 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 195.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2058; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1923.