Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 29 Aug 1993

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 18:54 on Sat 28 Aug to 20:07 on Sun 29 Aug, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Sun 29 Aug. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:22 here. Dwadashi ended at 18:54 Sat, before it. Trayodashi ends at 20:07, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 28 Aug ran from sunset 18:05 Sat to sunrise 06:22, 12 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:22 to 18:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:05 to 06:21 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 280°. It leaves at 04:55 Mon, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 132.3° + 281.8° = 414.1°, one full turn and 54.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 05:10 Mon, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 07:28, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 20:07.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:22 to 06:21 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 16:28 Tue to 16 Sep 00:10 Thu the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 12:28 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1993, 04:14 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 153.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2050; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1915.