Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 13 Nov 1963

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:35 on Tue 12 Nov to 23:49 on Wed 13 Nov, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Wed 13 Nov. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 23:49 on Wed 13 Nov to 02:16 on Fri 15 Nov, holding as much of nishitha on both nights. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier: Wed 13 Nov. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:29 here. Dwadashi ended at 21:35 Tue, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:49, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 12 Nov ran from sunset 19:24 Tue to sunrise 06:29, 11 h 5 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:29 to 19:24, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:24 to 06:29 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 173°20′. It leaves at 05:58 Thu, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 206.9° + 175° = 381.9°, one full turn and 21.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 15:22, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:40, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 23:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:29 to 06:29 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Oct 09:42 Thu to 16 Nov 04:50 Sat the Sun stayed in Tula, entering Vrishchika at 16 Nov 08:39 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Kartika, before Kartika itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika (Adhik) here, and Kartika (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 1963, 09:09 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 226.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2020; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1885.