Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 29 Jul 1947

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 15:35 on Tue 29 Jul, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 18:05 on Wed 30 Jul, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Tue 29 Jul. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:40 here. Ekadashi ended at 13:10 Mon, before it. Dwadashi ends at 15:35, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 28 Jul ran from sunset 17:57 Mon to sunrise 06:40, 12 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:40 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:40 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 05:07 Wed, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 102.3° + 242.3° = 344.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 10:35, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 02:21, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 15:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:40 to 06:40 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Jul 01:15 Fri to 16 Aug 08:12 Sat the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 17:42 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 1947, 13:34 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 124.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2004; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1869.