Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 18 Mar 1945

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:16 here. Chaturthi ended at 10:29 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 07:50, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Mar, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 07:50 and ended at 05:49 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:16 and 06:16 Mon. Sunday reads Panchami and Monday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 17 Mar ran from sunset 18:26 Sat to sunrise 06:16, 11 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:16 to 18:25, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:25 to 06:16 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 33°20′. It leaves at 17:18, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 334.3° + 33.5° = 367.8°, one full turn and 7.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 14:59, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 21:05 Sat, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 07:50.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:16 to 06:16 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 Mar 00:50 Wed to 12 Apr 09:29 Thu the Sun stayed in Meena, entering Mesha at 13 Apr 06:29 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Chaitra, before Chaitra itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Mar, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 14 Mar 1945, 00:50 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 4.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2002; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1867.