Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 7 Jan 1943

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:44 here. Amavasya ended at 09:37 Wed, before it. Pratipada ends at 05:49, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 05:49 and ended at 02:15 Fri, between the sunrises of 05:44 and 05:45 Fri. Thursday reads Pratipada and Friday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 6 Jan ran from sunset 18:52 Wed to sunrise 05:44, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:44 to 18:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:53 to 05:45 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 273°20′. It leaves at 13:32, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 263.1° + 275.1° = 538.2°, one full turn and 178.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 18:18, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 19:42 Wed, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 05:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:44 to 05:45 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1942, 20:49 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 290.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1999; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1864.