Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 23 Oct 1938

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 05:42 on Sun 23 Oct to 05:31 on Mon 24 Oct, so it touches only Sunday’s pratahkala (05:39–08:10). No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Ipameri

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 06:25 on Sat 22 Oct to 05:42 on Sun 23 Oct, so it holds sunrise only on Sun 23 Oct, at 05:39. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:39 here. Chaturdashi ended at 06:25 Sat, before it. Amavasya ends at 05:42, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 9 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Pratipada began at 05:42 and ended at 05:31 Mon, between the sunrises of 05:39 and 05:38 Mon. Sunday reads Amavasya and Monday reads Dwitiya: Pratipada is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 22 Oct ran from sunset 18:15 Sat to sunrise 05:39, 11 h 24 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:39 to 18:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:15 to 05:38 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 183°20′. It leaves at 06:24, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 186.3° + 186.3° = 372.6°, one full turn and 12.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 07:00, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 18:00 Sat, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 05:42.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:39 to 05:38 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 23 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 31 Mar 1938, 15:51 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 198.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1995; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1860.