Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 13 Sep 1923

Ganesha’s puja is done at madhyahna, the middle fifth of the day. Chaturthi runs from 08:43 on Thu 13 Sep to 05:37 on Fri 14 Sep, so only Thursday’s madhyahna (10:57–13:20) falls within it.

Ganesh Chaturthi: every date in Ipameri

Hartalika Teej’s puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Tritiya runs from 11:52 on Wed 12 Sep to 08:43 on Thu 13 Sep, so only Thursday’s pratahkala (06:10–08:34) falls within it. No text giving Hartalika Teej’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Hartalika Teej: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Dwitiya ended at 11:52 Wed, before it. Tritiya ends at 08:43, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 10 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturthi began at 08:43 and ended at 05:37 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:10 and 06:09 Fri. Thursday reads Tritiya and Friday reads Panchami: Chaturthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 12 Sep ran from sunset 18:07 Wed to sunrise 06:10, 12 h 3 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:07 to 06:09 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 180°. It leaves at 14:53, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 146.8° + 181.3° = 328.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 14:12, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 22:17 Wed, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 08:43.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:09 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 10 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 10 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1923, 09:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 173.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1980; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1845.