Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 13 Jan 1907

The Sun enters Makara at 17:58, between sunrise (05:41) and sunset (18:47). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Sun 13 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

Mauni Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya begins at 06:15 on Sun 13 Jan, after that sunrise, and ends at 02:50 on Mon 14 Jan, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Sun 13 Jan. No text giving Mauni Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Mauni Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya begins at 06:15 on Sun 13 Jan, after that sunrise, and ends at 02:50 on Mon 14 Jan, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Sun 13 Jan. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Trayodashi ended at 09:52 Sat, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 06:22, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Amavasya began at 06:22 and ended at 02:56 Mon, between the sunrises of 05:48 and 05:49 Mon. Sunday reads Chaturdashi and Monday reads Pratipada: Amavasya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 12 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Sat to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:49 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 21:00, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.5° + 257.1° = 526.6°, one full turn and 166.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 15:49, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti ended at 20:07 Sat, when the lead reached 342°; Shakuni runs until 06:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:49 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1906, 20:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 288.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1963; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1828.