Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 12 Jan 1907

Lohri’s bonfire is lit on the evening before Makar Sankranti. The Sun enters Makara at 17:58 Sun, and Makar Sankranti is on Sun 13 Jan: Sat 12 Jan. No text giving Lohri’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Lohri: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 09:45 on Sat 12 Jan to 06:15 on Sun 13 Jan, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (23:52–00:36 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:47 here. Dwadashi ended at 13:16 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 09:52, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:53 Fri to sunrise 05:47, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:47 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:48 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 23:43, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 268.5° + 242.1° = 510.6°, one full turn and 150.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 19:55, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 23:35 Fri, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 09:52.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:47 to 05:48 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1906, 20:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 287.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1963; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1828.