Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 12 Aug 1901

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 07:04 on Mon 12 Aug to 06:00 on Tue 13 Aug, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:46–00:36 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:33 here. Dwadashi ended at 08:34 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 07:10, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 07:10 and ended at 06:06 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:33 and 06:33 Tue. Monday reads Trayodashi and Tuesday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 11 Aug ran from sunset 18:01 Sun to sunrise 06:33, 12 h 33 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:33 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:33 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 90°. It leaves at 08:40, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 116.5° + 92.1° = 208.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 14:21, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 19:50 Sun, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 07:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:33 to 06:33 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 Jul 19:10 Mon to 14 Aug 05:27 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 15 Aug 22:52 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) here, and Shravana (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1901, 09:52 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 139.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1958; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1823.