Panchang in Diffa, Niger Tue 19 Aug 2031

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:57 here. Amavasya ended at 05:32 Mon, before it. Pratipada ends at 07:06, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Pratipada began at 05:32 Mon, before sunrise at 05:57 Mon, and ends at 07:06, after the next sunrise at 05:57. Both days read Pratipada: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 18 Aug ran from sunset 18:29 Mon to sunrise 05:57, 11 h 28 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:57 to 18:28, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:28 to 05:57 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 06:12, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 121.7° + 133.2° = 254.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 03:03 Wed, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 18:22 Mon, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 07:06.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:57 to 05:57 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Aug 05:32 Mon to 16 Sep 19:46 Tue the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 17 Sep 10:19 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 2031, 04:49 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 143.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2088; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1953.