Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Fri 6 Dec 2013

Vivah Panchami follows the tithi at sunrise. Panchami begins at 07:55 on Fri 6 Dec, after that sunrise, and ends at 05:03 on Sat 7 Dec, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Fri 6 Dec. No text giving Vivah Panchami’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Vivah Panchami: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:47 here. Tritiya ended at 11:08 Thu, before it. Chaturthi ends at 07:55, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 07:55 and ended at 05:03 Sat, between the sunrises of 05:47 and 05:48 Sat. Friday reads Chaturthi and Saturday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 5 Dec ran from sunset 18:13 Thu to sunrise 05:47, 11 h 34 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:47 to 18:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:13 to 05:48 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 276°40′. It leaves at 10:28, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 230.3° + 277.1° = 507.4°, one full turn and 147.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 00:58 Sat, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 21:29 Thu, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 07:55.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:47 to 05:48 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 233.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.