Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Thu 5 Dec 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:47 here. Dwitiya ended at 14:33 Wed, before it. Tritiya ends at 11:08, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 4 Dec ran from sunset 18:12 Wed to sunrise 05:47, 11 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:47 to 18:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:13 to 05:47 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 260°. It leaves at 12:55, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 229.3° + 262.2° = 491.5°, one full turn and 131.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 08:29, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 00:49, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 11:08.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:47 to 05:47 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 232.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.