Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 4 Jan 2000

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 11:01 on Tue 4 Jan to 13:40 on Wed 5 Jan, so only Tuesday night’s nishitha (00:51 Wed–01:37 Wed) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:01 here. Dwadashi ended at 08:21 Mon, before it. Trayodashi ends at 11:01, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 22 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 3 Jan ran from sunset 19:26 Mon to sunrise 07:01, 11 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:01 to 19:27, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:27 to 07:01 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 233°20′. It leaves at 19:55, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 259.4° + 233.6° = 493°, one full turn and 133°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 07:27, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 21:40 Mon, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 11:01.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:01 to 07:01 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 16 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1999, 15:47 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 286.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2056; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1921.