Panchang in Davinópolis, Maranhão, Brazil Tue 13 Jan 1925

The Sun enters Makara at 08:47, between sunrise (06:05) and sunset (18:30). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Tue 13 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Davinópolis

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 06:21 on Tue 13 Jan to 07:51 on Wed 14 Jan, so it holds moonrise only on Tue 13 Jan, at 21:18. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Davinópolis

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:05 here. Dwitiya ended at 04:27 Mon, before it. Tritiya ends at 06:21, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 9 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 04:27 Mon, before sunrise at 06:05 Mon, and ends at 06:21, after the next sunrise at 06:05. Both days read Tritiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 12 Jan ran from sunset 18:30 Mon to sunrise 06:05, 11 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:05 to 18:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:30 to 06:06 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 123°20′. It leaves at 20:54, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.9° + 125.8° = 395.7°, one full turn and 35.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 13:58, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 17:27 Mon, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 06:21.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:05 to 06:06 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 24 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 4 Apr 1924, 04:17 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 278.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1981; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1846.