Panchang in Thazhecode, Kerala Mon 14 Jan 2041

The Sun enters Makara at 11:19, between sunrise (06:49) and sunset (18:21). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Mon 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Thazhecode

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:19 on Mon 14 Jan to 08:12 on Tue 15 Jan, so only Monday’s pradosha (18:21–20:50) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Thazhecode

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:49 here. Dwadashi ended at 06:19, before it. Trayodashi ends at 08:12 Tue, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 06:19, before sunrise at 06:49, and ends at 08:12 Tue, after the next sunrise at 06:49 Tue. Both days read Trayodashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:20 Sun to sunrise 06:49, 12 h 29 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:49 to 18:21, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:21 to 06:49 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 53°20′. It leaves at 07:46 Tue, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.8° + 54° = 323.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 00:05 Tue, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 19:13, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 08:12 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:49 to 06:49 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 11 Apr 2040, 19:30 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 271.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2097; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1962.