Panchang in Thazhecode, Kerala Sat 13 May 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:03 here. Saptami ended at 09:07 Fri, before it. Ashtami ends at 06:51, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 5 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Navami began at 06:51 and ended at 04:43 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:03 and 06:03 Sun. Saturday reads Ashtami and Sunday reads Dashami: Navami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 12 May ran from sunset 18:40 Fri to sunrise 06:03, 11 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:03 to 18:41, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:41 to 06:03 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 303°20′. It leaves at 11:35, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 27.8° + 303.4° = 331.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 09:22, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 19:58 Fri, when the lead reached 270°; Kaulava runs until 06:51.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:03 to 06:03 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 15 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 22:53 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 51.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.