Panchang in Thazhecode, Kerala Tue 26 Oct 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:16 here. Chaturthi ended at 05:43 Mon, before it. Panchami ends at 08:24, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 05:43 Mon, before sunrise at 06:16 Mon, and ends at 08:24, after the next sunrise at 06:16. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 25 Oct ran from sunset 18:03 Mon to sunrise 06:16, 12 h 13 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:16 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 06:16 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 66°40′. It leaves at 07:08 Wed, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 188.7° + 67.7° = 256.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 01:30 Wed, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:05 Mon, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 08:24.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:16 to 06:16 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 08:00 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 190.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.