Panchang in Thazhecode, Kerala Sat 5 Jan 2019

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya holds both sunrises, 06:46 on Sat 5 Jan and 06:46 on Sun 6 Jan. Over two sunrises the Nirnayasindhu takes the first: Sat 5 Jan. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Thazhecode

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:46 here. Chaturdashi ended at 04:57, before it. Amavasya ends at 06:58 Sun, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 22 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Amavasya began at 04:57, before sunrise at 06:46, and ends at 06:58 Sun, after the next sunrise at 06:46 Sun. Both days read Amavasya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Fri 4 Jan ran from sunset 18:15 Fri to sunrise 06:46, 12 h 31 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:46 to 18:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:15 to 06:46 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 246°40′. It leaves at 15:07, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 260.3° + 249.1° = 509.4°, one full turn and 149.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 02:11 Sun, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 17:55, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 06:58 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:46 to 06:46 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 16 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 18:41 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 287.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.