Panchang in Thazhecode, Kerala Mon 28 Mar 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:25 here. Chaturthi ended at 03:34, before it. Panchami ends at 05:41 Tue, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 23 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 27 Mar ran from sunset 18:36 Sun to sunrise 06:25, 11 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:25 to 18:36, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:36 to 06:24 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 210°. It leaves at 07:05, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 343.7° + 213° = 556.7°, one full turn and 196.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 12:32, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 16:40, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 05:41 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:25 to 06:24 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 15:06 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 368.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.