Panchang in Thazhecode, Kerala Thu 10 Jan 2013

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 08:01 on Thu 10 Jan to 04:36 on Fri 11 Jan, so only Thursday night’s nishitha (00:08 Fri–00:58 Fri) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Thazhecode

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:48 here. Dwadashi ended at 11:19 Wed, before it. Trayodashi ends at 08:01, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 08:01 and ended at 04:36 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:48 and 06:48 Fri. Thursday reads Trayodashi and Friday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 9 Jan ran from sunset 18:18 Wed to sunrise 06:48, 12 h 30 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:48 to 18:18, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:18 to 06:48 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 02:11 Fri, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 265.9° + 241.2° = 507.1°, one full turn and 147.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 02:05 Fri, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 21:41 Wed, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 08:01.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:48 to 06:48 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 12 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 12 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 287.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.