Panchang in Sevan, Gegharkunik, Armenia Fri 12 Feb 2010

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:27 on Fri 12 Feb to 04:11 on Sat 13 Feb, touching nishitha on both nights. When it does, the Nirnayasindhu takes the later day: Fri 12 Feb.

Maha Shivratri: every date in Sevan

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:27 on Fri 12 Feb to 04:11 on Sat 13 Feb, touching nishitha on both nights. The Nirnayasindhu takes the night it holds more of: Fri 12 Feb. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Sevan

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:57 here. Trayodashi ended at 01:27, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 04:11 Sat, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 11 Feb ran from sunset 18:29 Thu to sunrise 07:57, 13 h 28 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 53 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:57 to 18:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 19 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:31 to 07:56 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 40 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 276°40′. It leaves at 11:32, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 299.3° + 278.2° = 577.5°, one full turn and 217.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 01:02 Sat, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 14:49, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 04:11 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:57 to 07:56 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 26 Mar 2009, 20:05 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 317.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2066; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1931.