Panchang in Sevan, Gegharkunik, Armenia Sat 24 Jan 2009

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 07:08 on Sat 24 Jan to 09:39 on Sun 25 Jan, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (00:43 Sun–01:40 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Sevan

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 08:16 here. Trayodashi ended at 07:08, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 09:39 Sun, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 11 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 07:08, before sunrise at 08:16, and ends at 09:39 Sun, after the next sunrise at 08:15 Sun. Both days read Chaturdashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:12, came before Trayodashi ended at 08:38: this day reads Trayodashi.

Sevan · UTC+4

Sunrise here, 08:16, came after Trayodashi ended at 07:08: this day reads Chaturdashi.

The night of Fri 23 Jan ran from sunset 18:07 Fri to sunrise 08:16, 14 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 56 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 08:16 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 14 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 08:15 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 45 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 04:09 Sun, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 280.3° + 256.8° = 537.1°, one full turn and 177.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 01:59 Sun, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 20:25, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 09:39 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 08:16 to 08:15 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 6 Apr 2008, 08:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 287.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2065; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1930.