Panchang in Sevan, Gegharkunik, Armenia Thu 14 Jan 1999

The Sun enters Makara at 15:30, between sunrise (08:21) and sunset (17:56). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Thu 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Sevan

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 16:54 on Thu 14 Jan, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 18:22 on Fri 15 Jan, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Thu 14 Jan. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Sevan

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 08:21 here. Ekadashi ended at 14:58 Wed, before it. Dwadashi ends at 16:54, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 13 Jan ran from sunset 17:54 Wed to sunrise 08:21, 14 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 57 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 08:21 to 17:56, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 11 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:56 to 08:21 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 48 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 226°40′. It leaves at 04:31 Fri, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.7° + 229.7° = 499.4°, one full turn and 139.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 21:31, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 03:59, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 16:54.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 08:21 to 08:21 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 1998, 07:13 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 286.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2055; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1920.