Panchang in Sevan, Gegharkunik, Armenia Thu 21 Oct 1971

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 14:21 on Wed 20 Oct to 16:32 on Thu 21 Oct, touching aparahna on both days. The Nirnayasindhu takes the day it holds more of: Thu 21 Oct. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Sevan

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:16 here. Pratipada ended at 14:21 Wed, before it. Dwitiya ends at 16:32, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 19 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 20 Oct ran from sunset 18:13 Wed to sunrise 07:16, 13 h 3 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 52 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:16 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 07:17 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 203°20′. It leaves at 03:10 Fri, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 183.6° + 203.4° = 387°, one full turn and 27°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 07:16 Fri, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 03:28, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 16:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:16 to 07:17 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 18 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 26 Mar 1971, 23:23 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 201.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2028; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1893.