Panchang in Şefaatlı, Yozgat, Turkey Thu 26 Jan 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:53 here. Chaturthi ended at 10:04 Wed, before it. Panchami ends at 07:58, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 21 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 07:58 and ended at 06:40 Fri, between the sunrises of 07:53 and 07:52 Fri. Thursday reads Panchami and Friday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 25 Jan ran from sunset 17:52 Wed to sunrise 07:53, 14 h 1 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 56 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:53 to 17:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 15 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:53 to 07:52 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 44 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 340°. It leaves at 16:26, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 281.8° + 341.7° = 623.5°, one full turn and 263.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 12:58, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 20:55 Wed, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 07:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:53 to 07:52 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 1 Apr 2022, 09:24 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 294.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2079; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1944.