Panchang in Same, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Thu 26 Jan 2017

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:27 on Thu 26 Jan to 02:31 on Fri 27 Jan, so only Thursday night’s nishitha (00:18 Fri–01:05 Fri) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Same

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:32 here. Trayodashi ended at 01:27, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 02:31 Fri, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 25 Jan ran from sunset 18:50 Wed to sunrise 06:32, 11 h 42 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:32 to 18:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:50 to 06:32 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 260°. It leaves at 18:02, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 282.3° + 260.7° = 543°, one full turn and 183°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 13:08, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 14:03, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 02:31 Fri.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:32 to 06:32 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 28 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 14:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 288.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.