Panchang in Same, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Tue 18 Oct 2016

The Karwa Chauth fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 20:17 on Tue 18 Oct to 17:02 on Wed 19 Oct, so it holds moonrise only on Tue 18 Oct, at 20:48.

Karwa Chauth: every date in Same

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 20:17 on Tue 18 Oct to 17:02 on Wed 19 Oct, so it holds moonrise only on Tue 18 Oct, at 20:48. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Same

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:08 here. Dwitiya ended at 23:53 Mon, before it. Tritiya ends at 20:17, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 17 Oct ran from sunset 18:20 Mon to sunrise 06:08, 11 h 48 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:08 to 18:20, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:20 to 06:07 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 26°40′. It leaves at 00:02 Wed, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 181.1° + 28.8° = 209.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 11:19, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 10:03, when the lead reaches 210°; Vishti until 20:17.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:08 to 06:07 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 14:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 187.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.