Panchang in Progress, Amur Oblast, Russia Sat 2 Jul 2016

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 03:53 on Sat 2 Jul to 01:03 on Sun 3 Jul, so only Saturday’s pradosha (20:31–22:05) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Progress

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:03 on Sun 3 Jul to 22:23 on Sun 3 Jul, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sat 2 Jul. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Progress

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 04:18 here. Dwadashi ended at 03:53, before it. Trayodashi ends at 01:03 Sun, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 1 Jul ran from sunset 20:32 Fri to sunrise 04:18, 7 h 46 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 31 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 04:18 to 20:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 2 h 1 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 20:31 to 04:19 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 58 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 40°. It leaves at 01:26 Sun, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 76.3° + 40.5° = 116.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 09:16, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 14:27, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 01:03 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 04:18 to 04:19 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 15 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 20:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 82.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.