Panchang in Polatlı, Ankara, Turkey Wed 19 Jul 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:39 here. Pratipada ended at 23:40 Tue, before it. Dwitiya ends at 02:01 Thu, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 18 Jul ran from sunset 20:16 Tue to sunrise 05:39, 9 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 37 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:39 to 20:16, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 49 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 20:16 to 05:40 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 10 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 106°40′. It leaves at 08:25 Thu, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 92° + 106.8° = 198.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 07:54, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 12:49, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 02:01 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:39 to 05:40 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 21:31 Mon to 16 Aug 12:38 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 11:02 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 20:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 115.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.