Panchang in Platnirovskaya, Krasnodar Krai, Russia Mon 22 Oct 2018

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 19:01 on Sun 21 Oct to 19:53 on Mon 22 Oct, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Mon 22 Oct. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Platnirovskaya

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:47 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:01 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 19:53, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 21 Oct ran from sunset 17:27 Sun to sunrise 06:47, 13 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 53 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:47 to 17:25, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 19 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:25 to 06:48 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 40 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 333°20′. It leaves at 06:17 Tue, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 184.6° + 334.2° = 518.8°, one full turn and 158.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 08:55, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 07:32, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 19:53.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:47 to 06:48 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 16:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 211.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.