Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 3 Jan 2025

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:03 here. Tritiya ended at 01:08, before it. Chaturthi ends at 23:40, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 31 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 2 Jan ran from sunset 18:03 Thu to sunrise 07:03, 13 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 52 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:03 to 18:04, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:04 to 07:03 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 296°40′. It leaves at 22:21, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 258.7° + 297.9° = 556.6°, one full turn and 196.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 12:37, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 12:25, when the lead reaches 42°; Vishti until 23:40.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:03 to 07:03 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 29 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 2024, 23:50 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 263.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2081; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1946.