Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 4 Oct 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 240°–252° is the 21st, Krishna Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Panchami ended at 05:33, before it. Shashthi ends at 05:41 Thu, when the lead reaches 252°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 29 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 3 Oct ran from sunset 18:16 Tue to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 4 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:15 to 06:20 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 46°40′. It leaves at 18:29, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 166.4° + 46.8° = 213.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 06:42, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 17:31, when the lead reaches 246°; Vanija until 05:41 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 22:53 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 189.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.