Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 9 Jan 2022

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:04 here. Shashthi ended at 10:43 Sat, before it. Saptami ends at 11:09, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 8 Jan ran from sunset 18:07 Sat to sunrise 07:04, 12 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:04 to 18:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:07 to 07:05 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 343°20′. It leaves at 07:10, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 264.6° + 346.6° = 611.2°, one full turn and 251.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 10:48, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 22:49 Sat, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 11:09.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:04 to 07:05 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 08:00 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 266.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.