Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 17 Oct 2021

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 17:39 on Sun 17 Oct, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 18:07 on Mon 18 Oct, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Sun 17 Oct. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:24 here. Ekadashi ended at 17:38 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 17:39, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 16 Oct ran from sunset 18:05 Sat to sunrise 06:24, 12 h 19 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:24 to 18:04, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:04 to 06:24 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 316°40′. It leaves at 09:52, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 179.7° + 318.1° = 497.8°, one full turn and 137.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 21:38, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 05:35, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 17:39.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:24 to 06:24 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 08:00 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 181.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.