Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 1 Aug 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:05 here. Saptami ended at 05:41 Sat, before it. Ashtami ends at 07:56, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 24 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 05:41 Sat, before sunrise at 06:05 Sat, and ends at 07:56, after the next sunrise at 06:05. Both days read Ashtami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 31 Jul ran from sunset 19:05 Sat to sunrise 06:05, 11 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:05 to 19:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:05 to 06:06 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 20°. It leaves at 19:36, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 104.8° + 20° = 124.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 22:00, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 18:46 Sat, when the lead reached 270°; Kaulava runs until 07:56.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:05 to 06:06 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 08:00 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 106.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.