Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 29 Jun 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:54 here. Chaturthi ended at 14:16 Mon, before it. Panchami ends at 13:23, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 25 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 28 Jun ran from sunset 19:10 Mon to sunrise 05:54, 10 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 42 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:54 to 19:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:10 to 05:54 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 306°40′. It leaves at 01:01 Wed, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 73.4° + 309.5° = 382.9°, one full turn and 22.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 12:19, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 01:44, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 13:23.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:54 to 05:54 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 15 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 10 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 10 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2021, 08:00 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 75.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.