Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 4 Jan 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:03 here. Chaturthi ended at 08:22 Sun, before it. Panchami ends at 07:14, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 07:14 and ended at 05:47 Tue, between the sunrises of 07:03 and 07:03 Tue. Monday reads Panchami and Tuesday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:14, came after Panchami ended at 07:14: this day reads Shashthi.

Pāthardi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:03, came before Panchami ended at 07:14: this day reads Panchami. Shashthi ends at 05:47 Tue, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Shashthi: it is kshaya.

The night of Sun 3 Jan ran from sunset 18:04 Sun to sunrise 07:03, 12 h 59 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:03 to 18:04, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:04 to 07:03 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 136°40′. It leaves at 19:17, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 259.8° + 139.7° = 399.5°, one full turn and 39.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 08:00, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:51 Sun, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 07:14.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:03 to 07:03 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 13 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 279.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.