Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 21 Oct 2020

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:25 here. Chaturthi ended at 11:19 Tue, before it. Panchami ends at 09:08, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 20 Oct ran from sunset 18:02 Tue to sunrise 06:25, 12 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:25 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:25 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 01:13 Thu, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 183.9° + 242.5° = 426.4°, one full turn and 66.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 06:48, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 22:08 Tue, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 09:08.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:25 to 06:25 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 203.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.