Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 15 Oct 2020

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 08:33 on Thu 15 Oct to 04:53 on Fri 16 Oct, so only Thursday night’s nishitha (23:50–00:39 Fri) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:23 here. Dwadashi ended at 11:51 Wed, before it. Trayodashi ends at 08:33, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 08:33 and ended at 04:53 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:23 and 06:23 Fri. Thursday reads Trayodashi and Friday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 14 Oct ran from sunset 18:06 Wed to sunrise 06:23, 12 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:23 to 18:06, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:06 to 06:23 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 150°. It leaves at 17:58, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 178° + 152.7° = 330.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 10:19, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 22:16 Wed, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 08:33.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:23 to 06:23 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 16:30 Thu to 17 Oct 01:01 Sat the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 07:05 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 197.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.